Metallurgy Equipments
The branch of science that deals with the properties of metals.
Minerals: A mineral may be a single compound or complex mixture of various compounds of metals which are found in earth.
Ores: The
mineral from which a metal can be readily and economically extracted on a large scale
is said to be a ore.
For
example, clay (Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O) and bauxite (Al2O3.2H2O) are the two minerals of
aluminium. But aluminium can be profitably extracted only from bauxite. Hence bauxite is an ore of aluminium and clay is its
mineral.
Differences between minerals and ores
Ø
Minerals contain a low
percentage
of
metal while ores contain a large
percentage
of metal.
Ø
Metals cannot be extracted
easily
from mineral. On the other
hand,ores can be used for the
extraction
of metals.
Ø
All minerals cannot be called as
ores,but
all ores are minerals.
Mining: The process of extracting the ores from the earth crust is called mining.
Gangue or Matrix: The rocky impurity, associated with the ore is called gangue or matrix.
Flux: It is a compound added to the ore to remove
its impurities by fusion.eg.CaO
Slag: It is the fusible product
formed when flux reacts with gangue during the extraction
of metals.
Flux + Gangue → Slag
Smelting: Smelting is the process of reducing the roasted oxide to metals in the
Purity of gold is expressed in carat.
24 carat gold = pure gold.
For making ornaments 22 carat gold is used which contains 22 parts of gold by weight and 2 parts of copper by weight. The percentage of purity is 2─2 24 x 100=91.6% (916 Make gold) From one gram of gold, nearly 2km of wire can be drawn.
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